1 跨境物流的概念
跨境物流指在两个或两个以上国家之间进行的物流服务, 是物流服务发展到阶段的一种表现形式。由于跨境电子商务的交易双方分属不同国家, 商品需要从供应方国家通过跨境物流方式实现空间位置转移,在需求方所在国家内实现后的物流与配送。 根据商品的空间位移轨迹, 跨境物流涉及输出国海关和输入国海关, 需要进行清关与商检,工作内容较为复杂,很少有企业可以依靠自身能力单独办理并完成这部分业务。
. 2 跨境物流企业类型
跨境电子商务的发展推动着跨境物流的发展, 跨境物流企业包括以下几种: ①交通运输业、邮政业发展起来的跨境物流企业,如联合包裹(UPS)、 联邦快递(FedEx) 等; ②传统零售业发展起来的跨境物流企业, 如美国的沃尔玛、 法国的 Cadiscount 等; ③大型制造企业或零售企业组建的跨境物流企业等; ④电商企业自建物流体系; ⑤传统快递企业发展跨境物流业务等;⑥新兴的跨境物流企业等。
3 跨境物流发展现状
跨境物流除具备其共性外, 还伴随国际性等特点, 涉及范围更大、 影响更深远, 跨境物流不仅与多个国家的社会经济活动紧密相连,更受多个国家间多方面、 多因素的影响。 物流硬件环境与软件环境存在国家差异, 不同国家其标准也不同, 国内物流、国际物流与目的国物流在衔接上会存在障碍, 导致顺畅的跨境物流系统难以构建。 物流环境的差异, 导致在跨境物流、 运输与配送过程中,需要面对不同的法律、 文化、 习俗、 观念、 语言、 技术、 设施等,增加了 跨境物流的运作难度和系统复杂性。 此外, 如关税、非关税壁垒、 物流成本、 空间距离等, 都直接或间接影响、 制约跨境物流。 物流高端服务与增值服务缺失, 无法提供物流系统集成、供应链优化解决方案、 大数据物流、 云计算信息平台、 跨境物流金融, 海外即时送能力不足等, 此外, 国内物流、国际物流与目的国物流在衔接、 可视化、 信息透明度等方面表现较差, 影响并降低了顾客对跨境物流的满意度。
Drivers
DSP development work focuses on many different aspects ofin-vehicle information systems,including biometric-basedauthentication; telematics and the associated interfacefunctionality ofspeech recognition and interaction; autonomousnavigation; and personal communications. The
technical realization that we can deploy new DSP functionalityshould always be balanced againstthe strategic of ‘‘butshould we?’’ Yes, we can develop robust system performance undera
variety of environmental conditions and at an acceptableRecent5-year averages of annual fatalities by transportation mode aremarine 774, rail 806, aviation
752, highway 42,731, and pipeline 14.B. Magladry and D.Brucecost, but whether we should is a value predicated ona hierarchy
of driving tasks. Will the new system directly improve vehiclecontrol? Will it assistin navigation?ill it better inform travelerswithout negatively impacting driver performance?
The driving environment is defined by many different interactivefactors, such as type of vehicle,
route, time of day, weather, amount of traffics plus a wholehost of activities that go on inside thevehicle—monitoringchildren, eating, listening to music, making phone calls, etc.Drivers receive a
basic licensing test; but they undergo no recurrent training,they receive no medical evaluation, andtheir education and languageskills vary widely. Drivers may be totally inexperienced in theirvehicle
type, may have conducted no trip planning, and may view drivingas secondary to other personalactivities in the car. Furthermore,many drivers do not take the time to understand their cars, donot
understand how their driving habits affect their safety, andhave not read their owner’s manuals.By and large, driving is asimple task; it must be, because nearly everyone is able to do it.Beginning
with inexperienced 16-year-olds all the way through 70- to80-year-old senior citizens, drivers exhibit
a wide range of abilities. However, compared to cars of ageneration ago, new vehicles with electronicstability control,moving map displays, bluetooth phone connections, iPod-drivenstereos, andpassenger video displays present an array ofcomplicated control tasks. As we work to improve and
integrate those electronic systems and add functionality to thenext generation of highway vehicles,we need to cautiously considerthe role of the driver. From a safety vantage point, mistakes canbe
really costly.
物流并不会像生产企业一样直接创造利润, 而是从内部缩减成本, 在整体上达到提升利润的目 标。沃尔玛的实践充分证明了物流成为继原材料资源、 人力资源之后的企业第三利润源。经济分为生产和流通两大领域,物流是属于流通领域的一种经济活动。 改革开放前, 我国长期“重生产, 轻流通” , 严重抑制了经济增长的内在活力,制约了我国的健康发展。 改革开放后, 流通产业受到重视, 为我国经济的持续增长做出了重要贡献, 我国物流业要想取得长足的发展,必须借鉴国外的先进经验, 但不能照搬, 我们要走出一条有中国特色的物流发展之路。