我国口岸检查检验机构及其主要职能:
一 海关 : 对进出境运输工具、 货物、 行李物品、 邮递物品和其他物品进行监管。征收关税。查缉走私,配合有关部门开展打击骗汇、 骗退税、 制售假冒伪劣等经济犯罪的斗争。编制海关统计, 按月向社会发布我国对外贸易基本统计数据。
二 海事 : 在管辖海域内履行对外国籍船舶进出口岸的审批、 水上安全监督、 防止船舶污染水域、 负责签发海员出境证件、进行船舶和海上设施检验、 航海保障、 协调海上搜寻救助、负责船员、 引航员适任资格培训、 考试、发证管理等行政执法职能。是对国际航行船舶实施联合检查的牵头单位。
三 边防 : :维护同家主权、 安全和社会秩序, 对一切出入境人员的护照、 证件和交通运输工具实施检查和管理。
四 检验检疫 : 对进出口商品实施法定检验检疫、 办理进出口商品鉴定业务、 对进出口商品的质量和检验工作实施监督管理。
2. 港口国控制
一 含义 : 港口国监控(Port State Control,也称港口国管理 PSC),是指港口所在国家根据有关国际公约规定的标准, 对进入其港口的外国籍船舶所实施的一种监督与控制。
二 港口国监控的目的
(1) 限制与排除低标准船舶, 保证船舶安全航行和防止船舶对海洋环境造成污染
(2) 对船旗国海事当局的制约和补充
The relatively recent development of business logistics has led,as it hasevolved, to the use of a variety of terms to refer to it.In the 1960s and 1970s theterms physical distribution,distribution, materials management, and physical supply
were common. Physical distribution and distribution refer to theoutbound flow ofgoods from the end of the production process to theconsumer; physical supply andmaterials management refer to theinbound flow of material to the production
process. As the importance of coordinating the entire flow ofmaterial from the rawmaterials to the end consumer becamerecognized, the term business logisticsbecame widely used toreflect the broadening of the concept. Today, the term supply
chain management is coming into use to reflect the importance offorming alliancesand partnerships to streamline the flow ofmaterials. Business logistics remains thedominant, all-encompassingterm for this important concept at this time.
The most widely used definition of business logistics is that ofthe Council ofLogistics Management (CLM) of Oak Brook, Illinois,the largest and best known ofthe professional logisticsorganizations. The CLM definition states, "Logistics is the
process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient,effective flow andstorage of raw materials, in-process inventory,finished goods, services, and relatedinformation from point oforigin to point of consumption (including inbound,
outbound, internal, and external movements) for the purpose ofconforming to customer re
目前跨境物流主要分为直邮和海外仓储模式, 直邮主要是指邮政小包、 国际快递、 国内快递和专线物流。我国跨境电商企业根据对运输时长、 商品大小、 费用高低、 货物的安全性等需求选择不同的物流方式。